Big Bang with Horizon Problem
The crocodile rested idly on the Nile bank.
The Sun rose toward the zenith in the sky,
The hot air was trembling over unstirred grass
And an Egyptian plover landed near the river.
“Long time no see”, the crocodile said.
“Oh, I am very busy”, the wading bird answered.
“Is that so? ” the crocodile inquired.
“Oh yes”, the plover said, “I study astronomy.”
“Have you ever heard of the Horizon Problem? ” the plover asked.
“No, this is the first time that I hear that the horizon has a problem”.
“Well, we talk here about the horizon of the universe
And it is a scientific mystery. Mind you, the primeval atom
At the beginning of time exploded in the so called Big Bang
Nearly 14 billion years ago. Now, as you might know,
Nothing can travel faster than light. But when you look
Across the vast space of the visible cosmos, from one edge
To the other, you ought to consider that these two edges are
Approximately 28 billion years apart.”
“So what? ” the crocodile asked.
The plover took a deep breath. “Well, if nothing can travel
Faster than light and the universe is 14 billion years old,
How can the two edges of the universe be 28 billion years apart? ”
“Oh, I see”, the crocodile said.
“Maybe the Big Bang Theory is wrong”.
“Why”, the bird said, “the problem involves the exchange
Of information, energy and heat because these also
Can only occur at the speed of light.”
“I am somewhat at a loss to follow you”, the crocodile said.
“Look! Different distant regions of outer space in the cosmos
Are very far from each other and cannot communicate.
In spite of this, the microwave background radiation
Filling in the universe seems inscrutably uniform.
It measures the same temperature everywhere.”
“So, to me”, the crocodile said, “this just proves again
That the Big Bang Theory is wrong”.
“Not necessarily”, the plover objected.
“Consider, for example, the possibility that at its birth,
In less than a second after the Big Bang,
The early universe underwent an extremely rapid process
Of exponential expansion so that all its parts originated
In a casually connected region. Astrophysicists call this
Exponential expansion the Theory of Cosmic Inflation”.
“I am very impressed by your erudition”, the crocodile said.
“Thank you”, smiled the bird. “Also, Cosmic Inflation Theory
Can explain why the universe appears to be flat, isotropic
And homogenous, that is to say uniform in all orientation.”
“Flat? How can it be flat? ” the crocodile asked.
“My understanding is”, said the bird, “that when scientists
Talk about a flat universe, they mean a doughnut shaped
Three dimensional topological object known as torus.”
“Wow”, the crocodile exclaimed. “This is really amazing.
Yet I have another hypothesis. How about the possibility
That the speed of light has changed throughout the ages
After this colossal firecracker event of the Big Bang happened.”
“I think we should end this conversation now”,
The plover said, “because some humans are watching us
And they look like hunters rather than biologists.”
“Do not worry”, the crocodile said,
“They have no idea that we are aliens.”
poem by Paul Hartal
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Related quotes
The Toad And The Crocodile
“Good morning, ” said Toad, as she rested on a lily pad burping bubbles.
“Good morning, ” said Crocodile, looking disturbed and troubled.
“I don’t suppose, ” said Toad “that you saw two toads pass by this way? ”
“Let me think…” said Crocodile “oh yes, I saw them earlier today.”
A tear rolled down the cheek of the crocodile and splashed into the pond.
“Why are you crying Crocodile, what could’ve possibly gone wrong? ”
“I’m sorry, ” said Crocodile, “I’m an emotional old crocodile and often cry.”
“What a shame, ” said Toad, “you say my husband and daughter passed by? ”
“Oh… I didn’t realise they were your family, they were so nice,
I gave them a helping hand and some very good advice.”
“Thanks for your time and trouble; you’re a very considerate crocodile,
so unlike the ones I’ve heard about that live in the Nile.
Can you remember which direction they went, ” said Toad full of hope.
“I can, ” said Crocodile, “they slid down a very slippery slope.”
“But did they seem alright, I mean did they look safe and well? ”
“Yes they did, but I don’t really know, it was hard to tell.”
“Why do you say that, is there something that you’re not telling me? ”
“I’m sorry you’re quite right, I shouldn’t keep you from your family.
When they asked for help they were being chased by a ferocious lion,
so I suggested that they came aboard and hid until it had gone.”
“Wonderful, so where are they now? ” She said with a puzzled stare.
“Why, they’re having tea with everyone else that’s hiding in there.”
“Would it be possible to speak with them before I burst into tears? ”
“Of course I’ll open my mouth, so you can tell them you’re here.”
She shouted their names, as the crocodile’s mouth opened wider and wider.
“They’re not coming, ” said Crocodile; “they’re enjoying the cakes and cider.”
Toad began to cry, which made her burp louder, as she sadly walked away.
“Where are you going, ” said the crocodile, “your family is not here to stay.
Would you like to come aboard and join in with the others having a good time?
Come on Toad, I’ll open the doors; hurry now before I change my mind.”
Toad cautiously hopped forward and took a giant leap down the crocodiles throat,
she landed in a dark place where she heard noises and two other toads croak.
“Is that you husband” she said, “why didn’t you come out when I shouted you? ”
“The crocodile wouldn’t open the doors, ” he said “what more could I do? ”
“Well, we can’t just sit here and do nothing we’ve got to try and jump free,
let’s hope we can burp enough to give him wind; come on, on my count of three.”
For ages the toads burped and jumped about trying to fill the crocodile with air,
then a rumbling turned into an eruption and they were burped out of there.
Before the crocodile had noticed the toads were sitting a safe distance away,
“Hello friend crocodile, ” said mother toad, “we’re sorry we couldn’t stay.”
poem by Orlando Belo
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Bored with TV
Bennie bought a baby crocodile
and took it home in a carrier bag.
He let it roam about the house,
but the crocodile made him sad.
When they watched T.V. together
tears fell from the crocodile’s eyes.
He thought his friend was unhappy
and this made poor Bennie cry.
He carried it to the vet’s clinic
and told them about his fears.
They told him that it was natural
for crocodiles to shed tears.
Feeling relieved and much happier
they sat to watch T.V. again.
The crocodile went to the bathroom
and flushed himself down the drain.
poem by Orlando Belo
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Crocodile's Toothache
Oh the Crocodile
Went to the dentist
And sat down in the chair,
And the dentist said, 'Now tell me, sir,
Why does it hurt and where?'
And the Crocodile said, 'I'll tell you the truth.
I have a terrible ache in my tooth.'
And he opened his jaws so wide, so wide,
That the dentist he climbed right inside,
And the dentist laughed, 'Oh, isn't this fun?'
As he pulled the teeth out, one by one.
And the Crocodile cried, 'You're hurting me so!
Please put down your pliers and let me go.'
But the dentist just laughed with a Ho Ho Ho,
And he said, 'I still have twelve to go --
Oops, that's the wrong one, I confess.
But what's one crocodile's tooth, more or less?'
Then suddenly the jaws went snap,
And the dentist was gone right off the map.
And where he went one could only guess...
To North or South or East or West...
He left no forwarding address.
But what's one dentist more or less?
poem by Sheldon Allan Silverstein
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Life Becomes An Experience Of Wild Delight
I’m convinced that the karma I have to carry,
laid upon me by the Western heritage while
being born in Africa, where maize is the staple
and I’m allergic up to suffocating; is the result
of negative levels of consciousness inherited
from many previous lifetimes living in abject
misery – now is my chance to raise the vibrations –
this crocodile-mind driving me to seek knowledge
and information at the speed of a Grand Prix,
might help to raise my state of consciousness
From its normal level of three, where life seems
meaningless, through level four where life seems
futile at times, to level five with its bubbly feeling
of happiness; and level six – the magical state where
life becomes an experience of wild delight - I have
to acquiesce to the Nile-Crocodile and its anti-social
demands; when Alice wants to go out and socialize;
when Cinderella dreams of beautiful gowns, pumpkin
coaches and footmen; the Nile-Crocodile simply
says no; when the little Alien comes down
From the rafters and demands to have some fun -
the Nile-Crocodile threatens to eat him; the crocodile
mind insists upon seeing the physical world as a
wooden illusion of Maya; saying that masked people
playing charades are wearying beyond expression;
that a good book is the only thing between the
crocodile mind and reptilian suicide...
poem by Margaret Alice
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All Beguiling
The crocodile is smiling,
life is all beguiling while
reading the true story of
the greatest cataclysm to
shape our civilization
Moses, Tutankhamun and
The Atlantis Myth, told in
ACT OF GOD by Graham
Phillips - crocodile in pink
with magic wand in purple
On the crocodile computer,
affixed to the screen; purple
fairy wings bewitching the
rest of the office also
This is a day of magic, the
crocodile found a book on
the crumbling foundations
that shook our civilization…
Graham Phillips “ACT OF GOD” 1998 Pan Books
poem by Margaret Alice
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120
The theory and remedy
Time in a billion years after
Shall cease
And everything grinds to a halt,
Do you not feel the distant stars
Moving faster away from you?
Things move away rapidly
Stars explode
On the fringes of this universe
Shooting through space
Jump then to another
Universe
Before ours gets used up
The luxury of worrying
About our age
Shall now dissipate
On a rundown universe
At any rate why
Worry? I do not intend
to go 60
33 was just perfect.
poem by Ric S. Bastasa
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The Origin Of The Universe -ten Questions Answered
1.How did the UNIVERSE originate?
It was from the bang, bang and the bang,
It was through the big bang
And you know it for certain.
Yes, the universe originated through the Big Bang.
2.What was the Big Bang?
An explosion of a particle was it
And the particle was smaller than an atom.
It was first explosion for our cause.
Yes, it was a causeless act of explosion of a small particle that resulted in the evolution of an ever expanding universe. Before the Big Bang the universe was smaller than an atom! There was only a point of time then and not a place! The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe.According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly.
3.What followed the act of expansion of the universe?
Then began the expansion,
An expansion that is still going on
And then and thus began the life of our universe.
The rapid expansion caused the Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state. According to the most recent measurements and observations, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13.75 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the Universe.
4.What happened in the next stage?
There came the phases of energy
And the wonder of electrons, protons and neutrons.
We learnt about from the sweet mouth of our teacher first.
After its initial expansion from a singularity, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow energy to be converted into various subatomic particles, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.While protons and neutrons combined to form the first atomic nuclei only a few minutes after the Big Bang, it would take thousands of years for electrons to combine with them and create electrically neutral atoms.The first element produced was hydrogen, along with traces of helium and lithium. Giant clouds of these primordial elements would coalesce through gravity to form stars and galaxies, and the heavier elements would be synthesized either within stars orduring supernovae.
5.What is the scientific theory/relevance of the Big Bang?
Truth is that matters much to us
And the core ideas have to lead us.
Or else we might go back to life darker still.
The Big Bang is a well-tested scientific theory and is widely accepted within the scientific community. It offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena. Since its conception, abundant evidence has been uncovered in support of the model. The core ideas of the Big Bang—the expansion, the early hot state, the formation of helium, and the formation of galaxies—are derived from many observations that are independent from any cosmological model; these include the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and the Hubble diagram for Type I - a supernovae.
6.What will be the phases of the expansion of the universe?
An ever expanding mystery it is
Closer it was then and now it will be farther and farther.
And once begun it can`t go back ever.
As the distance between galaxy clusters is increasing today, it can be inferred that everything was closer together in the past. This idea has been considered in detail back in time to extreme densities and temperatures, and large particle accelerators have been built to experiment in such conditions, resulting in further development of the model. On the other hand, these accelerators have limited capabilities to probe into such high energy regimes.
7.Does the Big Bang theory explain everything?
Perfection, thou art not there
Reason, thou triumph on here.
And we choose with no pinch salt everything.
The Big Bang theory cannot and does not provide any explanation for the initial condition as to why the small particle exploded; rather, it describes and explains the general evolution of the universe going forward from that point on.Georges Lemaître first proposed what would become the Big Bang theory in what he called his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom.' Over time, scientists would build on his initial ideas to form the modern synthesis. The framework for the Big Bang model relies on Albert Einstein's general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and isotropy of space.
8.Who did formulate the Big Bang theory?
Alexy and Edwin found it first,
Stephen Hawkins has founded it well and
Today it is a foregone conclusion to most of us.
The governing equations of the Big Bang had been formulated by Alexander Friedmann. In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovered that the distances to far away galaxies were generally proportionalto their redshifts—an idea originally suggested by Lemaître in 1927. Hubble's observation was taken to indicate that all very distant galaxies and clusters have an apparent velocity directly away from our vantage point: the farther away, the higher the apparent velocity. Stephen Hawkins, the author of A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME has added now an absolute touch to the theory of the Big Bang.
9.To what extent is the Big Bang theory acceptable to the community of scientists?
When you have to choose from among many
You have to choose the best of all
As you are man but not an animal.
While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum (i.e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body. Since then, astrophysicists have formulated further hypotheses to account for some discrepancies that have arisen within the model.
10.Why is the Big Bang theory more sensible than the theory of creation by God/ a supernatural element?
Here thou should not like accepting lies
And still not look upward, oh men and women!
Weep not thou, my pals and seers.
Though we don`t know what caused the initial formation of a particle smaller than an atom that resulted in the Big Bang, it is scientific and the most transparent theory. The present universe and its systems point to the accuracy of the Big Bang theory.
When you say God or any supernatural element was behind the creation of this universe, you have to confront more questions that cannot be answered other than by referring to the manipulations of probabilities not within the reason. Those questions are:
1. Why God/the super natural existed before the creation and what was it doing till the moment of creation?
2. Why did God/it create at all?
3. Why could he/it not create mostly the planets like our earth with life alone as most of the known universe is full of material and not life?
4. What makes him/it let the scientists go and prove the more acceptable theory of the Big Bang and why he/it allows man to have an intelligence level that can reason and wonder?
Again most of the religions have scriptures referring to a very young universe or earth. In Hinduism the Brahma the creator God created everything before the ‘krithayug/satyayug' barely 1,96000 years ago. In Islam the Koran refers to no specific time of creation but has vague references to a creation that might be 5 thousands years or less than that. In Christianity the easiest calculations were made based on the book of genesis of human beings starting with the creation of Adam and Eve the first man and woman on the Earth. Its bishops assume the creation might have started six days before the breathing of life into Adam and Eve and thus God created everything in B.C 4003, that is just 6,010 years ago!
The scriptures of the religion were written, many versions refer to them, assuming the entire world to be within a radius of a few thousands of kilometers set on a flat land with the sun and the moon planted on a sky which was presumably a ceiling within a height of a few yards! Islam and Christianity scriptured their theory of creation by God/Allah as believed and propogated by semi-literate fisher men and their contemporaries.
We have to know that it took millions of years for earth to develop life on the earth and man originated thousands of years later after undergoing gradual evolution of the monkey, the predecessor animal.
Now accepting the Big Bang theory or the theory of creation by God/a supernatural element is your choice........................
And a solace can never be a blockhead`s illusion however conveniently manipulated it is or however soft its angles are.
'We are amazed at a small particle turning into the universe,
We stand stranded at the crossroads of fact and fiction
And we go after the sweet fiction for we like to be
In a fool`s paradise and not in an intellectual`s hell! '
poem by M.d Dinesh Nair
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I put a bullet into the back of the crocodile's neck just behind the head, thus killing it. If a crocodile is hit in any other part of its anatomy it disappears into the water and is irrecoverable.
quote by Louis Leakey
Submitted by Lucian Velea
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Crocodile
Crocodile
No you wont make me jealous
That she left me for him
Scene one standing
Crushed on landing
You may have walked out
But Ill swallow up my fate
Scene two sitting
Man in kitchen
Bit cold and lifeless like
The burger on my plate
But theres one emotion Im afraid of
Hear him scratching gently to be fed
I cant stand it when he sits there smiling
I dont want him nesting in my head
Crocodile
No you wont make me jealous
That she left me for him
Get away
Crocodile
No you wont make me jealous
Im not letting you in
Scene three lying (through his backteeth)
Speared and dying (bitten beneath)
Ill crawl the wall to hand there
Skinned and stuffed with drink
But theres one emotion Im controlling
Green eyed monster with his jaws spread wide
(but hes your pet now
You cant run away and hide)
I cant stand it when he sits there crying
I dont want to throw myself inside
Crocodile
Getaway
(crocodile
With the jaded jealous smile)
song performed by by Xtc
Submitted by Lucian Velea
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On The Blackberry Tree
On the black-berry tree
I have left my lungs and heart
On crocodile's back
When I started my journey
in to the sea.
I have not show my
Disregard to anybody
Surrounded me
And my co-villagers
All support me
And the crocodile
Never seen as before.
poem by Gajanan Mishra
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Confidence boosts
A dog barks when it is in its yard.
An elephant fights a crocodile on land.
A crocodile fights an elephant in sea.
A team plays well in its home ground.
One gathers strength in the uniform.
What they feel and with what spirit they act
Is confidence. Confidence is the faith
One has from the counted advantages.
26.06.2011
poem by Rm. Shanmugam Chettiar
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Nile Crocodile In The Sunshine
The Nile Crocodile
needs to lie in the sun
to digest her
crocodilean breakfast
and longs for a swim
in the cool blue water
though it is winter
in Crocodile country
the evergreen leaves
sparkle with drops of diamond
in winter’s silvery sun
sky shining in brilliant blue
the Nile Crocodile
lies in the sunshine
warming her cold-blooded skin
guilty as ever
for not checking the kids
or helping with homework
leaving the kitchen
in a state of horror
tonight she’ll feel terror
when taken to task
but right now in the sun
warming up for the dive
into the icy water
she’s as happy as
a warm-blooded creature
all the cold-blooded fears
and broken-heart tears
forgotten for a
while...
poem by Margaret Alice
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Kenny The Crocodile
A crocodile that lived with many
who everyone knew as Kenny
was shunned by all the others
including his sisters and brothers.
Now Kenny was not one to really care
that his natural stench filled the air.
He thought it totally unnecessary and futile
that they should shun a brother crocodile.
He was forced to leave the muddy pool,
by the long nosed elders who did rule.
After walking and jogging for several days
he rested in the jungle and began to laze.
A keen eyed crocodile hunter close by
espied Kenny out of his one good eye.
He took careful aim and fired his rifle,
expecting Kenny to get an eyeful.
But Kenny rolled over towards the sun,
as the hunter again fired his gun.
He missed again as Kenny charged
at the hunter and his entourage.
Alas poor Kenny fell for a very old trick
and plunged into the hunter’s pit.
When soundly dead the natives jumped in
and relieved him of his valuable skin.
All over the world his patterned skin is bought
by those who give him not a thought.
I wonder if he thought, was it really worthwhile
being born a smelly crocodile.
poem by Orlando Belo
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The theory and remedy
Time in a billion years after
Shall cease
And everything grinds to a halt,
Do you not feel the distant stars
Moving faster away from you?
Things move away rapidly
Stars explode
On the fringes of this universe
Shooting through space
Jump then to another
Universe
Before ours gets used up
The luxury of worrying
About our age
Shall now dissipate
On a rundown universe
At any rate why
Worry? I do not intend
to go 60
33 was just perfect.
poem by Ric S. Bastasa
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Spring - embodied
Spring is dream
And in this dream
We cream faced
And we left place.
In dream we bet secret
Embodied ourselves
With the purpose
That was far away.
Execution is on
And we depend on
Thinking and
Thinking depends on
Crocodile and
Crocodile is mystery
Under water
And water is
Life partner.
poem by Gajanan Mishra
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We on Earth have just awakened to the great oceans of space and time from which we have emerged. We are the legacy of 15 billion years of cosmic evolution. We have a choice: We can enhance life and come to know the universe that made us, or we can squander our 15 billion-year heritage in meaningless self-destruction. What happens in the first second of the next cosmic year depends on what we do, here and now, with our intelligence and our knowledge of the cosmos.
quote by Carl Sagan
Submitted by Veronica Serbanoiu
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Crocodile Tears
Crocodile tears, empty and hollow
The display of emotions shallow
Fake flag waving in the wind
A ‘friend' driving the dagger in
While tears flow down his cheeks
Trying to convince you, things ain't what they seem
Giving the lame excuse for the end
When truth is, real friends stay friends.
................
You, bawling out loud while pointing the finger
Forgetting about the man in the mirror
Telling with tears in your eyes, how you feel alone
When right now, the fault is really your own
Telling how all your friends walked away
But i wonder if they actually would've stayed?
If you hadn't pushed them away
You, telling how much it hurts to do this
"that it didn't end this way, i wish, i wish."
That it's fate, or the inevetible, so it seems
But you're the one pulling the strings
You made the choice to end it all
So stop bawling and shut up, cause it was your call.
You say it hurts and you don't want to
But you still do it, no matter what, don't you?
Spare me your tears, your crocodile tears
I want someone i can trust, one i can believe
You can dry your crocodile tears
Every time you try in vain to explain
My unflinching answer will always be the same
Twasn't me who walked away, i was here to stay
And if you're wondering where I am one day
I'll still be standing at that exact same place
But otherwise, shut your mouth, dry your eyes
If i wanted lies, there are plenty out there to buy
So let's be one hundred percent clear
I don't buy crocodile tears
poem by Joses Tirtabudi
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Dog Eats Dog
The crocodile attacks the elephant and the jaguar attacks the crocodile!
And this game of dog eats dog torture goes on in this world;
But the power-girls and the power-boys are about to learn from my muse.
God, dog, bog, log, cog, fog, tog, hog, jog, wog!
And of dowries and gifts;
But let me find humour in your eyes,
For this world is very deceitful and defiled all around us today.
poem by Edward Kofi Louis
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The Mix-Up
One winter morning
Upon awakening from a long night sleep
All characters got mixed up with their authors
Including Pinocchio
Who could not decide what was real:
Had he dreamt of being Carlo Collodi
Or was it that Carlo Collodi was dreaming
Of being Pinocchio?
This occurred long after
Upon awakening from a long night sleep
Zhuang Zi woke up from his dream
And was at a loss to figure out
How real was real and asked:
Had he dreamt of being a butterfly
Or was it rather that a butterfly
Was dreaming of being Zhuang Zi?
The next day
As she woke up from a long night sleep
An elephant got mixed up with a crocodile
And she could not decide what was real:
Had she dreamt of being a crocodile
Or was it rather that a crocodile
Was dreaming of being an elephant?
Two years later
Upon awakening from a long night sleep
The moon became confused with the sun
And it could not decide what was real:
Had it dreamt of being the sun
Or was it that the sun was dreaming
Of being the moon?
And in a rare unguarded state of mind
Upon awakening from a long night sleep
God got embarrassed for the muddle
But she could not decide what was real:
Had she dreamt of being Man
Or was it rather that Man
Was dreaming of being God?
poem by Paul Hartal
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Fulfilment of All their Dreams…
Dunne’s theory is that there is a time one, two
and three – ad infinitum – with an infinite
number of me’s corresponding to each
Well, maybe it makes sense then that I have to
greet myself as Nile-Crocodile, comprising
Alice, Cinderella, and le Petit Prince
With invisible friends: Belladonna, Marguerite
and Mary-Ruadh, manifestations ad infinitum –
confirming the theory of the Multiverse
Where there is room for each of them – as well
as the fulfilment of all their dreams…
poem by Margaret Alice
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